Insimbi engagqwaliiwuhlobo lwensimbi, insimbi ibhekisela enanini lekhabhoni (C) ku-2% elandelayo ibizwa ngensimbi, ngaphezu kuka-2% iyinsimbi. Insimbi enqubweni yokuncibilikisa yokwengeza i-chromium (Cr), i-nickel (Ni), i-manganese (Mn), i-silicon (Si), i-titanium (Ti), i-molybdenum (Mo) nezinye izakhi ze-alloying ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwensimbi ukuze insimbi ibe nayo. ukumelana nokugqwala (okungukuthi, hhayi ukugqwala) sivame ukusho ukuthi insimbi engagqwali.
Insimbi engagqwali enqubweni yokuncibilika, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezakhi ze-alloying zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zenani elihlukile. Izici zayo nazo zihlukile, ukuze kuhlukaniswe umqhele ngezinombolo zensimbi ezahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kwensimbi engagqwali
1. 304 insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwensimbi, njengensimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla okushisa aphansi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini; Ukunyathela, ukugoba kanye namanye amandla enqubo yokushisa kuhle, akukho mkhuba oqinisayo wokwelapha ukushisa (akukho kazibuthe, bese usebenzisa izinga lokushisa -196℃ ~ 800℃).
Ububanzi besicelo: izihloko zasendlini (1, 2 tableware, amakhabethe, amapayipi asendlini, izifudumezi zamanzi, ama-boilers, obhavu); Izingxenye ze-Auto (i-windshield wiper, i-muffler, imikhiqizo yesikhunta); Imishini Yezokwelapha, Impahla Yokwakha, Ikhemistri, Imboni Yokudla, Ezolimo, Izingxenye Zomkhumbi
2. 304L insimbi engagqwali (L ikhabhoni ephansi)
Njengensimbi ephansi ye-carbon 304, esimweni esijwayelekile, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kanye ne-304 kufana nje, kodwa ngemva kokuqeda i-welding noma ukucindezelwa, ukumelana kwayo namandla okugqwala okusanhlamvu kuhle kakhulu; Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okushisa, kungagcina futhi ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa -196℃ ~ 800℃.
Ububanzi bokusebenza: esetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali, amalahle kanye ne-petroleum enezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nokugqwala komngcele wokusanhlamvu wemishini yangaphandle, izinto zokwakha izingxenye ezimelana nokushisa kanye nezingxenye ezinobunzima ekwelapheni ukushisa.
3. 316 insimbi engagqwali
316 insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-molybdenum, ngakho-ke ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi namandla okushisa aphezulu kuhle kakhulu, kungasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima; Umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuqina (okungewona uzibuthe).
Ububanzi bokufaka isicelo: imishini yamanzi olwandle, amakhemikhali, udayi, ukwenza iphepha, i-oxalic acid, umanyolo nezinye izinto zokukhiqiza; Izithombe, imboni yokudla, izindawo ezisogwini, izintambo, izinduku zama-CD, amabhawodi, amantongomane.
4. 316L i-stainless (L ikhabhoni ephansi)
Njengochungechunge lwekhabhoni ephansi yensimbi engu-316, ngaphezu kwezici ezifanayo nensimbi engu-316, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala komngcele wokusanhlamvu kuhle kakhulu.
Ububanzi bokusebenza: izidingo ezikhethekile zokumelana nemikhiqizo yokugqwala yomngcele wokusanhlamvu.
Ukuqhathanisa Ukusebenza
1. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Izinsimbi ezingenasici 316 kanye ne-316L ziyi-molybdenum equkethe izinsimbi ezingenasici. Okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum engu-316L yensimbi engagqwali kungaphezulu kancane kwalokho kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316. Ngenxa ye-molybdenum esensimbi, ukusebenza okuphelele kwensimbi kungcono kunezinsimbi ezingama-310 nezingama-304. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid kungaphansi kuka-15% nangaphezulu kuka-85%, izinsimbi ezingenasici ezingu-316 zinezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa. I-316 insimbi engagqwali nayo inezindawo ezinhle zokuguguleka kwe-chloride, ngakho isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle. Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okungu-0.03. Ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuhushula ngemuva kokushiselwa kungenzeki nalapho kudingeka ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu.
2. Coukumelana nokugqwala
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316 kungcono kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lwe-pulp nephepha. Futhi insimbi engagqwali engu-316 iphinde imelane nokuguguleka komkhathi wasolwandle kanye nolaka lwezimboni. Ngokuvamile, 304 insimbi engagqwali kanye 316 insimbi engagqwali e ukumelana izakhiwo ukugqwala amakhemikhali umehluko omncane, kodwa kwezinye imidiya ethize zihlukile.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 yasungulwa ekuqaleni, eyayizwela ku-Pitting Corrosion kwezinye izimo. Ukwengeza i-molybdenum engu-2-3% eyengeziwe kunciphisa lokhu kuzwela, okuholela ku-316. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le molybdenum eyengeziwe inganciphisa ukugqwala kwamanye ama-acids ashisayo aphilayo.
I-316 insimbi engagqwali isicishe yaba yinto ejwayelekile embonini yokudla neziphuzo. Ngenxa yokushoda komhlaba wonke kwe-molybdenum kanye nenani eliphakeme le-nickel ku-316 insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ibiza kakhulu kunensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
I-Pitting corrosion isenzakalo esibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukugqwala okufakwe phezu kwensimbi engagqwali, okubangelwa ukuntuleka komoyampilo futhi akukwazi ukwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-chromium oxide. Ikakhulukazi kuma-valve amancane, mancane amathuba okufakwa kudiski, ngakho-ke ukugoba akuvamile.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi aphakathi (amanzi acwebile, amanzi okuphuza, amanzi omfula, amanzi abhayela, amanzi olwandle, njll.), insimbi engagqwali engama-304 kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engama-316 kucishe kufane, ngaphandle uma okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ion phakathi nendawo iphakeme kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi i-316 insimbi engagqwali ifaneleka kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-304 insimbi engagqwali kanye ne-316 yensimbi engagqwali akufani kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye izimo kungase kuhluke kakhulu, kudingeka kuhlaziywe ngesisekelo secala-by-case.
3. Ukumelana nokushisa
I-316 insimbi engagqwali inokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation ekusetshenzisweni okungapheli okungaphansi kwama-degree angu-1600 kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo okungaphansi kwama-degree angu-1700. Ebangeni lama-degree angu-800-1575, kungcono ukuthi ungabi nomphumela oqhubekayo we-316 yensimbi engagqwali, kodwa ebangeni lokushisa lokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-316 insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali inokumelana nokushisa okuhle. Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inokumelana kangcono nemvula ye-carbide kunensimbi engagqwali engu-316, engasetshenziswa ebangeni lokushisa elingenhla.
4. Ukwelashwa kokushisa
Ukufakwa kwe-annealing kwenziwa kuzinga lokushisa elingu-1850 kuya ku-2050 degrees, okulandelwa ukuhushula ngokushesha kanye nokupholisa ngokushesha. 316 insimbi engagqwali ayikwazi ukushisisa ngokweqile ukuze iqine.
5. Ukushisela
I-316 insimbi engagqwali inekhono elihle lokushisela. Zonke izindlela zokushisela ezijwayelekile zingasetshenziselwa ukushisela. Ngokwenhloso yokushisela, i-316CB, 316L noma 309CB insimbi engagqwali yokupakisha induku noma i-electrode ingasetshenziselwa ukushisela. Ukuze uthole ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu, ingxenye yokushisela yensimbi engagqwali engu-316 idinga ukudonswa ngemva kokushisela. I-post weld annealing ayidingeki uma kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali engu-316L.
I-Hikelokinsimbi engagqwali tubing nekhonosebenzisa impahla engu-316L. okunye ukufakwa kwamashubhu namavalvu ngokuvamile kusebenzisa impahla engu-316.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-23-2022