Njengoba sonke sazi, iziteshi zamandla ezishisayo zisebenzisa izinsiza zamalahle kanye neziteshi zikawoyela ukukhiqiza ugesi, iziteshi ze-hydroporower zisebenzisa i-hydropower ukukhiqiza ugesi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya kusebenzisa amandla omoya ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ngabe iziteshi zamandla enuzi zisebenzisa ini ukukhiqiza ugesi? Isebenza kanjani? Yiziphi izinzuzo nobubi?
1. Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wesikhungo samandla enuzi
Isiteshi samandla eNyukliya luhlobo olusha lwesiteshi samandla esisebenzisa amandla aqukethe ku-athomu nucleus ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ngemuva kokuguqulwa. Imvamisa iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: Isiqhingi saseNuclear (N1) ne-COSTIONALL (CI) .Imishini eyinhloko esiqhingini senuzi yi-generator yenuzi i-generator yenuzi, kanti imishini esemqoka esiqhingini esijwayelekile i-turbine ne-generator kanye ne-auxiliary yayo ehambelana nayo imishini.
Isizinda samandla enuzi sisebenzisa i-uranium, insimbi esindayo kakhulu, njengento eluhlaza. I-Uranium isetshenziselwa ukwenza uphethiloli wenuzi futhi ayibeke ku-reactor. I-FITSION yenzeka emithonjeni ye-reactor ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamandla okushisa. Amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu akhipha amandla okushisa futhi akhiqize umusi e-Steam Generator ukuguqula amandla okushisa abe amandla okushisa. I-Steam ishayela i-turbine yegesi ukuze ijikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu nge-generator, Guqula amandla kagesi amandla kagesi, futhi amandla kagesi azothuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Lona umgomo osebenzayo wesikhungo samandla enuzi.
2. Izinzuzo nokubi kwamandla enuzi
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zamandla afudumele, izitshalo zamandla enuzi zinezinzuzo zevolumu encane yokungcola, umthamo ophezulu wokukhiqiza kanye nokuphuma okuphansi.Into ebalulekile yokusebenza kwezitshalo zamandla ashisayo zamalahle. Ngokusho kwemininingwane efanelekile, amandla akhishwe ngokufuleka okuphelele kwe-1 kg ye-uranium-235 alingana namandla akhishwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwamathani ajwayelekile, kungabonakala ukuthi imfucuza yamandla enuzi akhona kakhulu Ukuthi isitshalo samandla afudumele, ngenkathi amandla eyunithi akhiqizwayo ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yesitshalo samandla afudumele. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezinto zemvelo ezinemisebe emalahle, ezokhiqiza inani elikhulu le-anobuthi futhi kancane umsakazo ash powder ngemuva kokuqina. Baphinde bakhishwe ngokuqondile emvelweni ngesimo se-Fly Ash, okwenza ukungcoliswa komoya okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zamandla enuzi zisebenzisa izinkambisi zisho ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kokungcoliswa kusuka emvelweni futhi kuvikele imvelo ezintweni ezinemisebe ngezinga elithile.
Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zamandla enuzi nazo zibhekana nezinkinga ezimbili ezinzima. Okunye ukungcoliswa okushisayo. Izitshalo zamandla enuzi zizokhipha umshini wokungcola kabanzi endaweni ezungezile kunezitshalo zamandla ajwayelekile ezishisayo, ngakho-ke ukungcoliswa okushisayo kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi kuncane kakhulu.Isibili imfucuza yenuzi. Njengamanje, ayikho indlela ephephile nehlala njalo yokulashwa imfucuza yenuzi. Ngokuvamile, kuqiniswe futhi kugcinwe endaweni yokugcina imfucuza yesitshalo samandla enuzi, bese kuhanjiswa endaweni ekhethwe ngumbuso ukugcinwa noma ukwelashwa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5 ukuya kwengu-10.Yize imfucumfucu yenuzi ayikwazi ukuqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane, ukuphepha kwenqubo yabo yokugcina kuqinisekisiwe.
Kunenkinga futhi eyenza abantu besabe lapho bekhuluma ngamandla enuzi - izingozi zenuzi. Kube nezingozi eziningi ezinkulu zenuzi emlandweni, okuholele ekuvuza kwezinto ezinemininingwane ezivela emandleni wamandla enuzi emoyeni, kubangele ukulimala okungapheli kubantu nasendaweni yemvelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla enuzi kukhuphukile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwohloka kwendawo yasemkhathini kanye nokuncipha kancane kwamandla kwamandla, amandla wenuzi, njengoba kuphela amandla ahlanzekile angathatha isikhundla sezinkundla zezifo ngezinga elikhulu, abuyele ekubukeni komphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baqinisa ukuphathwa kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi, hlela futhi bandise utshalomali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathuthukisa imishini nobuchwepheshe futhi bafuna imodi yokusebenza ephephile yezitshalo zamandla enuzi. Ngemuva kweminyaka yentuthuko, ukuphepha kanye nokuthembela kwamandla enuzi kwathuthukiswa. Amandla adluliselwa amandla enuzi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngegridi yamandla futhi ayanda kancane, futhi aqala ngokuhamba kancane ngokungena empilweni yansuku zonke.
3. Ama-valves amandla enuzi
Ama-valves amandla enuzi abhekisa kuma-valves asetshenziswa e-nuclear Island (N1), izindawo ezivamile (i-CI) ne-Power Station Aixilies Aptims.Imigomo ye-NUCLLEAN Power Arting.Imigomo yezokuphepha I, II , Ne-III ne-level engelona nenyukliya. Isitshalo samandla enuzi.
Embonini yamandla enuzi, ama-valves amandla enuzi, njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, kufanele akhethwe ngokuqapha. Izici ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:
.
(2) Ingcindezi yokusebenza izohlangabezana nezidingo zezinga lokucindezela lamazinga ahlukahlukene wesitshalo samandla enuzi;
.
UHikelok uzibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ama-valves aphezulu asezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokufakwa embonini yamandla enuzi iminyaka eminingi. Sibambe iqhaza ngempumelelo kumaphrojekthi wokuhlinzekwa weIsitshalo samandla se-DayA Bay Inuzi, Isitshalo samandla enuzi, 404 Isitshalo se-China National Nuclear Inhlangano Yezindawona-Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Amandla Enuzi. Sinokukhethwa okuqinile kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuhlola, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokucubungula obujwayelekile, ukulawulwa kwenqubo eqinile yokukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa kobungcweti kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlola, nokulawulwa okuqinile kwazo zonke izixhumanisi. Imikhiqizo ibe nomthelela embonini yamandla enuzi esebenza kahle kakhulu nesakhiwo esizinzile.
4. Ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yamandla enuzi
Imikhiqizo ye-Hikelok yakhelwe futhi yakhiqizwa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana namazinga omkhakha wamandla enuzi, futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zama-valves angenayo, ukufakwa kweminye imikhiqizo neminye imikhiqizo edingwa yimboni yamandla enuzi kuzo zonke izici.
Twin Ferrule Tube Fitting: kudlulileUkuhlolwa kokuhlola okungu-12 kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kanye nokuhlolwa kobufakazi be-pneumatic, futhi uphathwa nge-carbuling ye-carbuling ethuthukisiwe ethuthukisiwe, enikeza isiqinisekiso esithembekile sokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-ferrule; I-Ferrule nati icutshungulwa yiplifinti yesiliva, evikela into elumile ngesikhathi sokufakwa; Intambo yamukele inqubo yokugoqa ukuthuthukisa ubunzima futhi iqede indawo futhi yandise impilo yenkonzo yokufakelwa. Izakhi zifakwe ukubekwa uphawu okuthembekile, ukuvuza okunokwethenjwa, ukugqoka ukumelana, ukufakwa okulula, futhi kungahlakazeka futhi kungahlukaniswa kaningi.
I-Instremation Weld Fitting: Ukucindezela okukhulu kungaba yi-12600psi, ukumelana okuphezulu okuphezulu kungafinyelela kuma-538 ℃, futhi izinto ezingaphandle zensimbi zinokumelana okuqinile kokugqwala. Ngeshubhu lokufaka i-welding.Ukuxhumeka kwe-welding kungahlukaniswa ngohlelo lwe-metric nohlelo lwe-fractional. Amafomu okufakwayo afaka phakathi inyunyana, i-elbow, tee kanye nesiphambano, esingazivumelanisa nezimo ezinhlobonhlobo zokufaka.
Thing: Ngemuva kokudonswa kwemishini, ukukhahlela kanye nezinye izinqubo, ingaphezulu le-tubing likhanya futhi indawo yangaphakathi ihlanzekile.Ingcindezi yokusebenza ingafinyelela i-120HRB, ukuxhumana kwe-forrhrb, futhi ukubekwa uphawu Ithembekile, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuza ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka ingcindezi. Amasayizi ahlukahlukene wezinhlelo ze-metric ne-fractional ayatholakala, futhi ubude bungenziwa ngokwezifiso.
I-Valve Valve: Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-valve valve body yi-ASTM A182 ejwayelekile. Inqubo yokwakha inesakhiwo se-crystal ehlangene kanye nokumelana okuqinile ekuqaleni, okunganikeza uphawu oluthembekile oluphindaphindekile. I-conical valve core ingaqhubeka futhi ilungiswe kancane ukugeleza okuphakathi. Ikhanda le-valve kanye nesihlalo se-valve selikhishwe ku-send ukuthuthukisa impilo yesevisi ye-valve.I-compact design ihlangabezana nezidingo zokufaka endaweni emincane, ngokugcinwa kwe-diasbly elula kanye nokunakekelwa kwenkonzo ende.
I-Ball Valve:Umzimba we-valve uneziqeshana ezithile, ucezu oluyingcezu, olubalulekile nezinye izinhlaka. I-TOP yakhelwe ngamabili amaningi ama-butterfly springs, angamelana nokudlidliza okuqinile. Nikeza isihlalo se-valve se-sealing sensimbi yensimbi, ukuvulwa okuncane nokuvala, ukwakheka okukhethekile, ubufakazi obunamandla, ukumelana okuqinile, impilo yenkonzo ende, kanye namaphethini ahlukahlukene okugeleza kungakhethwa.
I-Valve Yokusiza Ngokulinganayo: Njengoba igama libonisa, i-valve yokusiza ngokulingana iyithuluzi lokuvikela lemishini, elingabeka ingcindezi yokuvula. Isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi ayithinteki ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangemuva. Lapho kuphakama ingcindezi yesistimu, i-valve ivula kancane kancane ukudedela ingcindezi yohlelo. Lapho ingcindezi yesistimu yehla ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebekiwe, i-valve reseals ngokushesha, iqinisekisa ngokuphepha ukuqina kwengcindezi yohlelo, ivolumu elincane nokulungiswa okulula.
I-Bellows-Sivaliwe IValve: I-belve-evalwe uphawu yamukela ukunemba okwenziwe nge-metal bendows ngokumelana okuqinile kokugqwala kanye nesiqinisekiso esithembekile somsebenzi osemsebenzini wesayithi. Ikhanda le-valve lamukele ukwakhiwa okungaguquki, futhi uphawu lokukhishwa lungcono lungcono ukwelula impilo yesevisi ye-valve. I-valve ngayinye idlula ukuhlolwa kwe-helium, ngokubekwa uphawu okuthembekile, ukuvimbela ukuvuza kanye nokufakwa okulula.
I-Hikelok inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo nezinhlobo eziphelele. Kungenziwa futhi ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende. Kamuva, onjiniyela bazoqondisa ukufakwa kuyo yonke inqubo, futhi insizakalo yokuthengisa ngemuva kokuphendula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imikhiqizo eminingi esetshenziswa embonini yamandla enuzi yamukelekile ukubheka!
Ngemininingwane eminingi yoku-oda, sicela ubheke ekukhetheniamakhathalogiphezu kwa-Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeHikelok. Uma unemibuzo yokukhetha, sicela uthinte abasebenzi abasebenza ngokuthengisa abasebenza ngehora lama-24.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Mar-25-2022