Njengoba sazi sonke, iziteshi zikagesi ezishisayo zisebenzisa imithombo yamalahle nowoyela ukuze zikhiqize ugesi, iziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zisebenzisa i-Hydropower ukukhiqiza ugesi, kanti ukuphehla kwamandla omoya kusebenzisa amandla omoya ukuze kuphehle ugesi. Iziteshi zamandla enuzi zisebenzisani ukukhiqiza ugesi? Isebenza kanjani? Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
1. Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wesikhungo samandla enuzi
Isiteshi samandla enuzi siwuhlobo olusha lwesiteshi samandla esisebenzisa amandla aqukethwe ku-nucleus ye-athomu ukuze sikhiqize amandla kagesi ngemva kokuguqulwa. Ivamise ukuba nezingxenye ezimbili: I-Nuclear Island (N1) kanye nesiqhingi esivamile (CI).Impahla eyinhloko esiqhingini senuzi i-nuclear reactor kanye ne-steam generator, kuyilapho okokusebenza okuyinhloko esiqhingini esivamile i-turbine yegesi kanye nejeneretha kanye nomsizi wabo ohambisanayo. imishini.
Isizinda samandla enuzi sisebenzisa i-uranium, insimbi esinda kakhulu, njengempahla eluhlaza. I-Uranium isetshenziselwa ukwenza uphethiloli we-nuclear bese uyifaka ku-reactor. I-Fission yenzeka kumshini we-reactor ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamandla okushisa. Amanzi angaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu akhipha amandla okushisa futhi akhiphe isitimu kujeneretha lesitimu ukuze aguqule amandla okushisa abe amandla emishini. Isitimu sishayela i-turbine yegesi ukuthi ijikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu ngejeneretha, iguqule amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi, futhi amandla kagesi azokhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo. Lona umgomo wokusebenza kwesizinda samandla enuzi.
2. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwamandla enuzi
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zamandla ashisayo, izitshalo zamandla enyukliya zinezinzuzo zomthamo omncane wemfucuza, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza kanye nokukhishwa okuncane.Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yezitshalo zamandla ashisayo ngamalahle. Ngokusho kwedatha efanele, amandla akhishwe yi-fission ephelele ye-1 kg ye-uranium-235 ilingana namandla akhishwe ngamathani angama-2700 wamalahle ajwayelekile, kungabonakala ukuthi imfucumfucu yesikhungo samandla enuzi incane kakhulu leyo yesikhungo samandla ashisayo, kuyilapho iyunithi yamandla ekhiqizwayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yesikhungo samandla ashisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinto zemvelo ezikhipha imisebe emalahleni, azokhiqiza inani elikhulu le-powder yomlotha enobuthi futhi enemisebe kancane ngemva kokuvutha. Ziphinde zikhishwe ngokuqondile endaweni ezungezile ngendlela yomlotha wezimpukane, okubangela ukungcoliswa komoya okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, izimboni zamandla enuzi zisebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungakhishelwa endaweni ezungezile futhi kuvikelwe imvelo ezintweni ezikhipha imisebe ngokwezinga elithile.
Nokho, izimboni zamandla enuzi nazo zibhekana nezinkinga ezimbili ezinzima. Enye iwukungcoliswa okushisayo. Izitshalo eziphehla amandla enuzi zizokhipha ukushisa kwemfucuza endaweni ezungezile kunezimboni ezivamile zamandla ashisayo, ngakho ukungcoliswa okushisayo kwezikhungo zamandla enuzi kubi kakhulu.Okwesibili imfucuza yenuzi. Njengamanje, ayikho indlela yokwelapha ephephile nengunaphakade yemfucuza yenuzi. Ngokuvamile, iyaqiniswa futhi igcinwe endaweni yokugcina imfucumfucu yesikhungo samandla enuzi, bese ithuthelwa endaweni eqokwe umbuso ukuthi igcinwe noma yokwelashwa ngemva kweminyaka emi-5-10.Nakuba imfucuza yenuzi ingenakuqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane, ukuphepha kwenqubo yabo yokugcina kuqinisekisiwe.
Kuphinde kube nenkinga eyenza abantu bethuke uma bekhuluma ngamandla enuzi - izingozi zenuzi. Kube nezingozi ezinkulu zenuzi eziningana emlandweni, okubangele ukuvuza kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi emoyeni, okubangele umonakalo unomphela kubantu kanye nemvelo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla enuzi kumile. Nokho, ngokuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile emkhathini kanye nokuncipha kancane kancane kwamandla, amandla enuzi, okuwukuphela kwamandla ahlanzekile angathatha indawo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngesilinganiso esikhulu, abuyele emphakathini.Amazwe aseqalile ukuqalisa kabusha izimboni zamandla enuzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baqinisa ukulawulwa kwezikhungo zokuphehla amandla enuzi, bahlele kabusha futhi bakhulise utshalomali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathuthukisa amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe futhi bafune indlela ephephile yokusebenza kwezikhungo zamandla enuzi. Ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwamandla enuzi kuye kwathuthukiswa nakakhulu. Amandla adluliselwa ngamandla enuzi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa igridi yamandla nawo akhula kancane kancane, futhi kancane kancane aqala ukungena ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu.
3. Amavalvu amandla enuzi
Amavalvu wamandla enuzi abhekisela kumavalvu asetshenziswa eziqhingini zenuzi (N1), isiqhingi esivamile (CI) kanye nezinhlelo zesikhungo samandla kagesi ezisizayo (BOP) ezimbonini zamandla enyukliya. Ngokwezinga lokuphepha, ihlukaniswe izinga lokuphepha lenuzi I, II. , III kanye nezinga elingelona elenuzi.Phakathi kwazo, izimfuneko zezinga lokuphepha lenuzi ziphezulu kakhulu.Ivalvu yamandla enuzi iyinani elikhulu lezinto zokulawula ukudlulisa okuphakathi ezisetshenziswa endaweni yokuphehla amandla enyukliya, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile nebalulekile yokusebenza ngokuphephile isikhungo samandla enuzi.
Embonini yamandla enuzi, amavalvu amandla enuzi, njengengxenye ebalulekile, kufanele akhethwe ngokuqapha. Lezi zici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe:
(1) Isakhiwo, usayizi wokuxhuma, ingcindezi nezinga lokushisa, idizayini, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kuzohambisana nencazelo yedizayini namazinga emboni yamandla enyukliya;
(2) Ingcindezi yokusebenza izohlangabezana nezidingo zezinga lokucindezela lamazinga ahlukene esikhungo samandla enyukliya;
(3) Umkhiqizo kufanele uvalwe kahle kakhulu, ungagugi, ungagqwali, ungaklwebheki kanye nempilo ende yesevisi.
I-Hikelok izibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ama-valve nezinsimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu embonini yamandla enuzi iminyaka eminingi. Siye sabamba iqhaza ngokulandelana kumaphrojekthi wokunikezela weIsikhungo samandla enuzi saseDaya Bay, Guangxi Fangchenggang amandla enuzi, 404 imboni ye-China National Nuclear Industry CorporationfuthiI-Nuclear Power Research Institute. Sinokukhetha okuqinile nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bokucutshungulwa, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza okuqinile, ukukhiqizwa kochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlola, nokulawula okuqinile kwazo zonke izixhumanisi. Imikhiqizo ibe negalelo embonini yamandla enuzi ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kanye nesakhiwo esizinzile.
4. Ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yamandla enuzi
Imikhiqizo ye-Hikelok iklanywe futhi ikhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zemboni yamandla enuzi, futhi ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zamavalvu wezinsimbi, okokufaka neminye imikhiqizo edingwa imboni yamandla enuzi kuzo zonke izici.
Ukufakwa kwe-Twin ferrule tube: seludlulileUkuhlola okungu-12 okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kanye nokuhlolwa kobufakazi bomoya, futhi iphathwa ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-carburizing obusezingeni eliphansi, obunikeza isiqinisekiso esinokwethenjelwa sokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-ferrule; I-ferrule nut icutshungulwa nge-silver plating, egwema into yokuluma ngesikhathi sokufakwa; Uchungechunge lusebenzisa inqubo yokugoqa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni nokuqedwa kobuso nokwelula impilo yesevisi yezinto ezifakwayo. Izingxenye zifakwe uphawu oluthembekile, ukuvuza kwe-anti, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukufakwa okulula, futhi kungahlakazwa futhi kuhlakazwe ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukufakwa kwe-instrumentation weld: ukucindezela okukhulu kungaba ngu-12600psi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kungafinyelela ku-538 ℃, futhi impahla yensimbi engenasici inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile.Ububanzi bangaphandle bokuphela kokushisela kokufakwa kwe-weld buhambisana nobukhulu be-tubing, futhi ingahlanganiswa. ngeshubhu lokushisela.Uxhumano lwe-welding lungahlukaniswa ngesistimu ye-metric kanye nesistimu ye-fractional. Amafomu okufakwayo ahlanganisa inyunyana, indololwane, i-tee kanye nesiphambano, ezingavumelanisa nezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zokufaka.
Ishubhu: ngemva kokupholisha ngomshini, ukucosha kanye nezinye izinqubo, indawo yangaphandle yeshubhu igqamile futhi indawo yangaphakathi ihlanzekile.Ingcindezi yokusebenza ingafinyelela ku-12000psi, ubulukhuni abudluli ku-90HRB, ukuxhumana ne-ferrule kubushelelezi, futhi ukuvala uphawu enokwethenjelwa, engavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuvuza phakathi nenqubo yokuthwala ingcindezi. Osayizi abahlukahlukene bezinhlelo zemethrikhi nezinhlaka bayatholakala, futhi ubude bungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo.
I-valve yenaliti: Impahla yomzimba we-valve yenaliti yensimbi iyindinganiso ye-ASTM A182. Inqubo yokubumba inesakhiwo sekristalu ehlangene kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka okuqinile, okunganikeza uphawu oluthembekile oluphindaphindayo. I-valve eyi-conical core ingashintsha ngokuqhubekayo futhi kancane ukugeleza okuphakathi. Isihlalo se-valve kanye nesihlalo se-valve si-extruded seal ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yesevisi ye-valve.Umklamo ohlangene uhlangabezana nezidingo zokufakwa endaweni encane, ngokuhlakazeka nokugcinwa okulula kanye nempilo ende yesevisi.
I-valve yebhola:umzimba we-valve unocezu olulodwa, ucezu olubili, olubalulekile kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Ingaphezulu lidizayinelwe ngamapheya amaningi ovemvane iziphethu, ezingamelana nokudlidliza okuqinile. Nikeza isihlalo se-valve yokuvala insimbi, i-torque encane yokuvula nokuvala, idizayini ekhethekile yokupakisha, ubufakazi bokuvuza, ukumelana nokugqwala okuqinile, impilo ende yesevisi, kanye namaphethini okugeleza ahlukahlukene angakhethwa.
I-valve yokusiza ngokulinganayo: njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-valve yokukhulula ngokulinganayo iyithuluzi lokuvikela lomshini, elingasetha ingcindezi yokuvula. Isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi ayithinteki kangako ukucindezela emuva. Lapho umfutho wesistimu ukhuphuka, i-valve ivula kancane kancane ukukhulula ukucindezela kwesistimu. Lapho ukucindezela kwesistimu kwehla ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebekiwe, i-valve iphinda ivuselele ngokushesha, iqinisekise ngokuphepha ukuzinza kwengcindezi yesistimu, ivolumu encane nokugcinwa okulula.
I-valve ene-Bellows-sealed: i-valve evalwe ngezivunguvungu isebenzisa ukunemba kwensimbi eyakhiwe enokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile kanye nesiqiniseko esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu somsebenzi wasendaweni. Ikhanda le-valve lamukela umklamo ongazungezi, futhi uphawu lwe-extrusion lungandisa kangcono impilo yesevisi ye-valve. I-valve ngayinye idlula ukuhlolwa kwe-helium, ngokuvalwa okuthembekile, ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokufakwa okulula.
I-Hikelok inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo nezinhlobo eziphelele. Kungase futhi kube egcizelele ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Kamuva, onjiniyela bazoqondisa ukufakwa kuyo yonke inqubo, futhi isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa izophendula ngesikhathi. Imikhiqizo eminingi esetshenziswa embonini yamandla enuzi yamukelekile ukuthi nibonisane!
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe yoku-oda, sicela ubheke okukhethiweamakhathalogikuIwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Hikelok. Uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo yokukhetha, sicela uxhumane nabasebenzi abathengisa ku-inthanethi be-Hikelok bamahora angu-24.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-25-2022