Njengoko sonke sazi, izikhululo zamandla e-Thermal zisebenzisa izixhobo zelahleko kunye neoyile ukuvelisa umbane, izikhululo ze-hydropower Sydropower ukuvelisa umbane, kwaye isizukulwane sombane sisebenzisa amandla omoya ukuvelisa umbane. Zisebenzisa ntoni iZikhululo zeNwamo zeNyukliya ukuvelisa umbane? Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Zithini izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga?
1. Ubume kunye nomgaqo weSityalo samandla eNyukliya
Isikhululo samandla senyukliya luhlobo olutsha lwesikhululo samandla esisebenzisa amandla aqulathwe kwi-atomic nucleus nucleus ukuvelisa amandla ombane emva kokuguqula. Ihlala inamacandelo amabini: I-NECEAR Island (N1) kunye neSiqithi esiqhelekileyo (i-CI) .Izixhobo eziphambili kwisiqithi senyukliya, ngelixa i-generator i-turbine kunye nomthengisi izixhobo.
Isityalo samandla enyukliya sisebenzisa i-Uranium yenyukliya, isinyithi esinzima kakhulu, njengento eluhlaza. I-Uranium isetyenziselwa ukwenza ipetroli yenyukliya kwaye uyisebenzise kwi-reactor. Isibonelelo senzeka kwizixhobo ze-Reactor ukuvelisa inani elikhulu lobushushu. Amanzi aphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu akhupha amandla okufudumeza aze avelise i-Steam kwi-Steam Generator ukuguqula amandla okufudumeza abe ngamandla omatshini. I-Steam iqhuba i-turbine yerhasi yokujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu nge-generator, iguqula amandla ombane kumandla ombane, kwaye amandla ombane aya kuveliswa. Esi sisiseko sokusebenza kwesityalo samandla senyukliya.
2. Izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwamandla enyukliya
Xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zamandla e-thermal, izityalo zamandla eNyukliya zinezibonelelo zevolumu encinci yenkunkuma, amandla emveliso ephezulu kunye nokukhutshelwa kwemveliso ephantsi. Ngokwedatha efanelekileyo, amandla akhutshwe ngawo i-funces epheleleyo ye-1 kg ye-Uranium-235 ilingana namandla akhutshwe yitoni yamalahle angama-2700, inokubonwa ukuba inkunkuma yesityalo samandla senyukliya ingaphantsi kwe I-Their Streat Ralt, ngelixa amandla eyunithi aveliswayo iphakamile kakhulu kunelo utyalo lwe-Thermal. Kwangelo xesha, kukho izinto zendalo zerediyo kwi-Coal, eya kuthi ivelise inani elikhulu le-radical ash powder emva kokufumana i-quation. Bakhutshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindalo engqongileyo ngendlela yokubhabha i-ash, ebangela ungcoliseko lomoya olukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo zamandla enyukliya zisebenzisa ukhuseleko kuthetha ukungcola ukuba zingakhutshelwa kwindalo kwaye zikhusele indalo esingqongileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, izityalo zamandla zenyukliya nazo nazo zijongana neengxaki ezimbini ezinzima. Enye ingcoliseko longcoliseko. Izityalo zamandla enyukliya ziya kukhupha ubushushu benkunkuma ngakumbi kwindalo ejikelezileyo, ke ukungcoliseka kwe-thermal izityalo zamandla inyukliya kubaluleke kakhulu. Okwangoku, akukho ndlela ikhuselekileyo nesisigxina yenkunkuma yenyukliya. Ngokubanzi, iqinisiwe kwaye igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina inkunkuma yesityalo samandla enyukliya, emva koko sithuthwele indawo ekhethwe ngurhulumente wokugcina okanye unyango emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.Nangona inkunkuma yenyukliya ayinakupheliswa ngexesha elifutshane, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yabo yokugcina kuqinisekisiwe.
Kukho ingxaki eyenza abantu boyike xa bethetha ngamandla enyukliya - ingozi yenyukliya. Kukho iingozi eziphambili zenyukliya, ezikhokelela ekuphumezeni izinto ezinamahlizi kwizityalo zamandla zenyukliya emoyeni, zibangela umonakalo osisigxina ebantwini kunye nophuhliso lwamandla enyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthile okwesimo semozulu yemozulu kunye nokupheliswa kwengqondo, amandla enyukliya, njengamandla acocekileyo anokuthatha indawo ye-fossil fuels kwinqanaba lezityalo zamandla enyukliya. Kwelinye icala, bomeleza ukulawulwa kwezityalo zamandla enyukliya, isicwangciso sokuphinda banyuse utyalomali. Kwelinye icala, baphucula izixhobo kunye netekhnoloji kwaye bafune indlela ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kwezityalo zamandla zenyukliya. Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwamandla enyukliya kuqhubekekile. Amandla adluliselwa ngamandla enyukliya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngegridi yamandla ayanda, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aqala ukungena ebomini bemihla ngemihla.
I-3. I-valve yamandla eNyukliya
IiVolves zamandla eNyukliya zibhengeza iivalves kwi-nuclear Island (N1), iSiqithi esiQhelekileyo seZibonelelo zoNcedo (i-BI) kunye nenqanaba lezokhuseleko i-Inclear I, II , Iii kunye nenqanaba lenyukliya. Inqanaba lokhuseleko leNyukliya ndifunelwa yivalve ephezulu. isityalo samandla senyukliya.
Kwishishini lamandla enyukliya, i-valve yamandla enyukliya, njengenxalenye engenakuphikwa, kufuneka ikhethwe ngononophelo. Le miba ilandelayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo:
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(2) Uxinzelelo lokusebenza luya kuhlangabezana nenqanaba loxinzelelo lwamanqanaba amanqanaba ahlukeneyo esityalo samandla senyukliya;
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I-Hikelok ibophelele ekuboneleleni ngeevalves ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezixhobo kwishishini lenyukliya iminyaka emininzi. Sithathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwiiprojekthi zobonelelo zeI-Daya Bay yenyukliya inyukliya isityalo, I-Guang ChaangChengganggang yeNyukliya, I-404 yezityalo ze-China ye-Nyukliya yeSizwe yeShishini yeNyukliyakwayeIZiko loPhando lweSuclear. Sinokhetho olungqongqo olungqongqo kunye novavanyo, itekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili, itekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili yemveliso engqongqo, imveliso yobungcali kunye nabasebenzi bohlolo, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwazo zonke iikhonkco. Iimveliso ziye zanegalelo kwiShishini lamandla eNyukliya enentsebenzo ebalaseleyo kunye nesakhiwo esizinzileyo.
I-4. Ukuthengwa kweemveliso zamandla eNyukliya
Iimveliso zeHikelok zenziwe zaza zaveliswa ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yeshishini lenyukliya, kwaye ifezekise iimfuno zeValves, izixhobo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifunwa yinyukliya kuyo yonke imiba yenyukliya kuyo yonke imimandla.
I-Twin Ferrule Tube ifanelekile: idlulileIimvavanyo ezili-12 zovavanyo kubandakanya uvavanyo lokuhambisa kunye novavanyo lwePneumatic, kwaye iphathwa ngeqondo lobuchwephesha elisezantsi le-careburbice, elibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esinokuthenjwa kwisicelo se-Ferrule; I-ferrule yet iqhubekeka ngumgaqo wesilivere, ophepha othintela i-phenomen ngexesha lokufakwa; Iquari yamkela inkqubo eqengqelekayo yokuphucula ubunzima kunye nokugqiba komphezulu kwaye yandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo. Amacandelo axhotyiswe ngokutywina okuthembekileyo, ukuvuza okuchasene ne-antivu, enxibe ukunganyangeki, ufakelo olulutho, kwaye kunokubangelwa kwaye kubekho ukuphindaphinda.
Izixhobo ze-WOLL SOFT: Olona xinzelelo luphezulu lunokuba yi-12600psi, ukuchasana nobushushu obuphezulu kunokufikelela kwi-538 ℃, kwaye izinto ezingenasitayile zinokuphelisa ukuphela kwe-wels, kwaye kungadityaniswa Ngetyhubhu ye-welding Iifom zezinto ezifanelekileyo zibandakanya umanyano, i-elbow, iti kunye nomnqamlezo, onokuziqhelanisa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufaka.
Ityhubhu: Emva kokulungiswa koomatshini, ukuthathwa kunye nezinye iinkqubo, umphezulu wetyhubhu ukhanyisekile kwaye umphezulu wangaphakathi ucocekile. inokuthenjwa, enokuthintela ngokuphumelelayo ukuvuza ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezelwa. Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo beenkqubo ze-metric kunye neziqulatho ziyafumaneka, kwaye ubude bunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.
Ivalve yenaliti: Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-neading i-valve ye-valve ye-astve i-astm a182 emiselweyo. Inkqubo yefomati inesakhiwo se-compact kunye nokuchaswa okuqinileyo, okunokubonelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo. I-valve ye-valve inokuthi ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ilungelelanise kancinci ukuhamba okuphakathi. Intloko ye-valve kunye nesihlalo sevelve sikhutshiwe ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo ye-valve.Uyilo lwecompact ihlangabezana neemfuno zofakelo kwindawo emxinwa, kunye nobomi benkonzo.
I-Colve yebhola:I-valir mub inesiqwenga esinye, isiqwengana seprofeti, isiqwengana kunye nezinye izinto. I-TOP iyilelwe ngamabini amabhabhathane, enokumelana nokuhamba okuqinileyo. Nikeza isihlalo se-valve etywina i-valve, ukuvulwa okuncinci kunye nokuvala i-Torque, uyilo olukhethekileyo lokupakisha, ubungqina obuqinileyo, ukunganyangeki okuqinileyo, kunye neepateni ezinde ezinokukhethwa.
I-valve yoNcedo ngokuhambelana: Njengoko igama libonisa, ivalve yoNcedo ngokuLungelelanisayo sisixhobo sokukhusela ngokwamatshini, esinokuseta uxinzelelo lokuvula. Isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye alichanekanga kuxinzelelo lwasemva. Xa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luphakama, ivalve isebenza ngokuthe ngcembe ukukhupha uxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Xa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo liyehla ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olusetiweyo, ivalve iqala ngokukhawuleza, iqinisekise ngokukhuselekileyo kozinzo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo, ivolumu encinci kunye nolondolozo oluncinci kunye nolondolozo oluncinci kunye nolondolozo olululo.
I-Belve etywiniweyo: IVolophu etywiniweyo yamkela i-chaclove yaqala ukuchaneka kwentsimbi yentsimbi yokunganyangeki okuqinileyo kunye nesiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokufumana umsebenzi. I-valve intloko yamkela uyilo olungajikelezayo, kwaye itywina lokwaphuka lingayindisa ngakumbi inkonzo yeholide. I-valve nganye idlula kuvavanyo lwe-helium, ngotywina oluthembekileyo, ukhuseleko lokuvuza kunye nokufakwa ngokulula.
I-Hikelok inoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neendidi ezizalisiweyo. Ingakwazi ukulungelelaniswa ngokweemfuno zabathengi. Emva koko, iinjineli ziya kukhokela ufakelo kwinkqubo yonke, kwaye inkonzo yasemva kwentengiso iya kuphendula ngexesha. Iimveliso ezingakumbi ezisetyenziselwa ishishini lamandla enyukliya zamkelekile ukuba zinxibelelane!
Iinkcukacha ezi-odolo zoku-odola, nceda ujonge ukhethoiikhathalogukwiIwebhusayithi yaseHikelok. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo yokukhetha, nceda uqhagamshelane ne-hipti's iiyure ezingama-24 kwi-Intanethi.
Ixesha lasemva: Mar-25 ukuya ku-522