ASTM, Ansi, ASME uye API

ASTM: American Society yekuedza uye zvigadzirwaAnsi: American National State InstituteASME: American Society of mechaniki mainjiniyaApi: American Petroleum Institute

Nhanganyaya

ASTM. Muma1980s, kuitira kuti vagadzirise mafungiro uye mutsauko pakati pemutengi uye kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa komiti yehunyanzvi, uye komiti yehunyanzvi yakarongeka kubva pane zvese zvikamu zvekutora chikamu Iyo technical symposum yekukurukura uye kugadzirisa nyaya dzekupokana zvine chekuita nezvokunyama uye maitiro ekuedzwa. Musangano wekutanga weIETM waiitwa muEurope muna 1882, pakaumbwa komiti inoshanda yakaumbwa.

Ansi. Kuti uwedzere kuwedzeredza kushanda zvakanaka, mazana ezvesainzi uye tekinoroji nzanga, masangano emasangano uye mapoka ese anotenda kuti anofanirwa kuumba sangano rakanyanya kuwanda uye kuumba zvakabatana zvakaenzana.

ASME: MaAmerican Society of mechancal mainjiniya akavambwa muna 1880. Izvozvi rave nyika yeInternational Nonipi Dzidzo uye Technology Sangano neanopfuura nhengo dze125000 pasi rese. Sezvinorambidza kuyambuka-kurangwa mumunda weinjiniya kuri kuwedzera, tyme bhuku rinopawo ruzivo nezve Interdisciplinary Fratoer Technology. Zvidzidzo zvakafukidzwa zvinosanganisira: Basic Engineering, kugadzira system dhizaini uye zvichingodaro.

Api: API Icho chidimbu cheAmerican Petroleum Institute. API yakavambwa muna1919, kushamwaridzana kweBhizinesi reNyika muUnited States, uye imwe yemitambo yekutanga uye inobudirira inobudirira kumisikidza nyika.

Mabasa

ASTMinonyanya kuitwa mukuumbwa kwehunhu uye maitiro ekuita zvezvinhu, zvigadzirwa, masisitimu uye masevhisi, uye anoparadzira ruzivo rwakakodzera. ASTM zviyero zvinogadzirwa neDare reTechi uye rakanyorwa nemitemo inoshanda. NyangweASTMMitemo inoenderana neUNFICE MAHARA, ASTM zviyero zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu gumi neshanu, vhoriyamu yakabudiswa, uye kuiswa uye huwandu hwemitemo zvinotevera:

Kugadziriswa:

(1) zvigadzirwa zvesimbi

(2) vasiri vashoma simbi

(3) nzira yekuyedza uye maitiro ekuongorora ezvinyorwa zvesimbi

(4) zvinhu zvekuvaka

(5) Zvigadzirwa zvepeturu, lubriants uye fossil mafuta

.

(7) zvinyorwa uye zvigadzirwa

(8) Plastiki

(9) Rubber

(10) magetsi magetsi uye magetsi

(11) mvura uye tekinoroji yemagariro

(12) simba renyukireya, simba reSolar

(13) Zvishandiso zvekurapa uye masevhisi

(14) zviridzwa uye general bvunzo nzira

.

ANSI:National National Institute of United States is non-purofiti isiri-purofiti isiri-purofiti basa rokubata. Asi chave chiri nyika yenyika kujaira kutaura chokwadi; Zvese zviitiko zvekumira zvakakomberedza nazvo. Kubudikidza nawo, hurumende yehurumende yakakodzera uye system yehurumende inoshanda nemumwe, uye tamba chikamu chebhiriji pakati pehurumende yehurumende uye vanhu vechirongwa. Inoronga uye inotungamira mabasa epasi rose, inobatsira tsika yekuumbwa, kutsvakisisa uye kushandisa zvikamu, uye inopa ruzivo uye dzenyika uye zvepasi rese ruzivo. Iyo inoitirawo basa rezvinyorwa zvekutonga.

National national Institute of United States hazviwanzo kugovera zviyero pachako. Nzira nhatu idzi dzinotevera dzinogamuchirwa kugadzirira kwayo ANSI chiyero:

1. Izvo zvikamu zvakakodzera zvichave nemhosva yekunyora, kukoka nyanzvi kana mapoka ehunyanzvi kuti avhite, uye kuendesa mhinduro kumisangano yekudzidzira Yakatangwa naAsi yekuongorora uye kubvumidzwa. Iyi nzira inonzi iyo nzira yekupora.

2. Vamiriri veDare Rakarongedzwa neDare reTekinoro reAsili uye mamwe masangano achagadzirira zviyero zvekunyorwa, uye nhengo dzese dzichavhomora, uye pakupedzisira dzakatenderwa neDare reOdzano. Iyi nzira inonzi Mutemo weCommission.

3. Maererano nezviyero zvakazara nenhamba nenhamba, avo vakakura uye vane kukosha kwazvo kune nyika yose vachakwidziridzwa pamatare eTESI, uye vachanyorwa naAni Landard Code uye nhamba yekuenzanisa, asi iyo yekutanga nyanzvi yedhiza kodhi inochengetwa panguva imwe chete.

Mitemo yeNational National Mayunicha Institute of America kazhinji kubva kune nyanzvi dzemitemo. Kune rimwe divi, nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi uye kushamwaridzana kunogona zvakare kuumba zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana maererano nemitemo yenyika iripo. Ehe, isu tinogonawo kugadza zviyero zvedu pachedu tisina kutevedzera zvinodiwa nenyika. Zviyero zveAniyo ndezvekuzvidira. United States inotenda kuti mitemo inosungirwa inogona kudzikamisa kubereka kuwana. Nekudaro, zviyero zvakataurwa nemutemo uye zvakaumbwa nemadhipatimendi ehurumende zvinowanzosimbirwa zviyero.

ASm. Sezvo kungangwirwa kwaro, azwa kwakatungamira kukura kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, uye kwakatanga zvinopfuura mazana matanhatu ematanho kubva pane yekutanga tambo yemitemo ikozvino. Muna 1911, komiti yemabhayeti inochengetera yakamisikidzwa, uye danho rekutungamira rakapihwa kubva muna 1914 kusvika 1915, iro rakabatanidzwa nemitemo yeunosvika nyika dzakasiyana siyana neCanada. AsmE ave azova muinjiniya wepasi rose sangano muminda yehunyanzvi, dzidzo uye kuongorora.

API: is a standard standard yekuisa sangano reAni. Yayo yakajairika yekuumbwa inoteedzera kusanzwisisika uye kuumbwa maitiro eASI, API zvakare yakabatana yakaumbwa uye yakaburitswa miitiro ine ASTM. Zviyero zveApi Agency, United States Geological Survey inotaurwa nemasangano ehurumende, uye zvakare inotaurwa naiyo

API. Nyika dzeShorobha, Sangano rezvemamiriro ekunze

Misiyano uye kubatana

Izvi zviyero zvina zvinoenderana uye zvinogona kushandiswa kureva. Semuenzaniso, zviyero zveASM Musiyano ndewekuti iyo indasitiri inotarisa zvakasiyana, saka zviyero zvakatorwa zvakasiyana. API, ASTM, ASME inhengo dzese dzeAssi.

Mitemo yeNational National Mayunicha Institute of America kazhinji kubva kune nyanzvi dzemitemo. Kune rimwe divi, nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi uye kushamwaridzana kunogona zvakare kuumba zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana maererano nemitemo yenyika iripo. Ehe, isu tinogonawo kugadza zviyero zvedu pachedu tisina kutevedzera zvinodiwa nenyika.

ASME haina kuita chaiyo basa, uye kuyedza uye basa rekuumba rinenge rakapera ne ANSI uye ASTM. ASME inongoziva macodes nekushandisa kwavo pachavo, saka zvinowanzoonekwa kuti yakadzokororwa nhamba yakajairika ndiyo yakafanana.

HikelokTube Fittingsuye chimbisoTarisa vharuvhu, Bhora vharuvhu, sando vhejietc kusangana neASTM, Ansi, ASME uye API Standard.