Monga tonse tikudziwira, malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera amagwiritsa ntchito malasha ndi mafuta kuti apange magetsi, malo opangira magetsi amadzi amagwiritsa ntchito Hydropower kupanga magetsi, ndipo opanga magetsi amphepo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphepo kupanga magetsi. Kodi malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito chiyani popanga magetsi? Zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake ndi chiyani?
1. Mapangidwe ndi mfundo za fakitale ya nyukiliya
Malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi mtundu watsopano wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zili munyukiliya ya atomiki kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi ikatembenuka. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: Nuclear Island (N1) ndi ochiritsira chilumba (CI) .The zida waukulu mu chilumba nyukiliya ndi nyukiliya riyakitala ndi nthunzi jenereta, pamene zida waukulu mu chilumba ochiritsira ndi chopangira mpweya ndi jenereta ndi lolingana wothandiza awo. zida.
Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito uranium, chitsulo cholemera kwambiri, ngati zopangira. Uranium imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta a nyukiliya ndikuyika mu riyakitala. Fission zimachitika mu riyakitala zida kubala kuchuluka kwa kutentha mphamvu. Madzi opanikizika kwambiri amatulutsa mphamvu ya kutentha ndipo imapanga nthunzi mu jenereta ya nthunzi kuti atembenuzire mphamvu ya kutentha kukhala mphamvu yamakina. Nthunzi imayendetsa turbine ya gasi kuti izungulire mothamanga kwambiri ndi jenereta, kutembenuza mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zizipangidwa mosalekeza. Iyi ndi mfundo yoyendetsera magetsi a nyukiliya.
2. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya
Poyerekeza ndi magetsi opangira magetsi, magetsi a nyukiliya ali ndi ubwino wa voliyumu ya zinyalala zazing'ono, kupanga mphamvu zambiri komanso kutsika kwa emission.The yaikulu yaiwisi yamagetsi opangira magetsi ndi malasha. Malinga ndi deta yofunikira, mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi kuphulika kwathunthu kwa 1 kg ya uranium-235 ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi kuyaka kwa matani 2700 a malasha amtundu uliwonse, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti zowonongeka za nyukiliya zimakhala zochepa kwambiri ya magetsi otentha, pamene mphamvu ya unit yomwe imapangidwa ndi yochuluka kwambiri kuposa yamagetsi opangira magetsi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali zachilengedwe radioactive zinthu mu malasha, amene adzatulutsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni ndi pang'ono radioactive phulusa ufa pambuyo kuyaka. Amatulutsidwanso mwachindunji m'chilengedwe ngati phulusa la ntchentche, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya. Komabe, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotchinjiriza kuletsa zowononga kuti zisatayike m'chilengedwe komanso kuteteza chilengedwe kuzinthu zotulutsa ma radiation kumlingo wina.
Komabe, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amakumananso ndi zovuta ziwiri. Chimodzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa kutentha. Mafakitale opangira magetsi a nyukiliya adzatulutsa kutentha kwa zinyalala m'malo ozungulira kuposa malo wamba opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, kotero kuyipitsa kwamafuta amagetsi a nyukiliya kumakhala koopsa kwambiri.Chachiwiri ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya. Pakali pano, palibe njira yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika yochizira zinyalala za nyukiliya. Nthawi zambiri, imakhazikika ndikusungidwa m'malo osungiramo zinyalala zamagetsi a nyukiliya, kenako imasamutsidwa kupita kumalo osankhidwa ndi boma kuti ikasungidwe kapena kuthandizidwa pakatha zaka 5-10.Ngakhale kuti zinyalala za nyukiliya sizingathetsedwe mu nthawi yochepa, chitetezo cha njira yosungiramo zinthu zawo chimatsimikiziridwa.
Palinso vuto lomwe limapangitsa anthu kuchita mantha akamakamba za mphamvu ya nyukiliya - ngozi za nyukiliya. Pakhala ngozi zazikulu zingapo za nyukiliya m’mbiri, zomwe zachititsa kuti zinthu za nyukiliya zituluke mumlengalenga, zomwe zikuwononga anthu ndi chilengedwe, ndipo kukula kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya kwayima. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha mumlengalenga ndi kuchepa kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mphamvu, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, monga mphamvu yokhayo yoyera imene ingalowe m’malo mwa mafuta oyaka mafuta pamlingo waukulu, yabwereranso kwa anthu. Kumbali imodzi, amalimbitsa kuwongolera kwa malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya, kukonzanso ndikuwonjezera ndalama. Kumbali ina, amawongolera zida ndi ukadaulo ndikufunafuna njira yotetezeka yogwiritsira ntchito zida zanyukiliya. Pambuyo pa zaka za chitukuko, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya zakhala zikuyenda bwino. Mphamvu imaperekedwa ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya kumalo osiyanasiyana kudzera mu gridi yamagetsi ikukulanso pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pang'onopang'ono inayamba kulowa m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu.
3. Ma valve a mphamvu ya nyukiliya
Ma valve a mphamvu ya nyukiliya amatanthawuza ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachilumba cha nyukiliya (N1), chilumba chodziwika bwino (CI) ndi makina othandizira magetsi a nyukiliya (BOP) m'mafakitale a nyukiliya. , III ndi mlingo wosakhala wa nyukiliya. Pakati pawo, nyukiliya chitetezo mlingo I zofunika ndi apamwamba.Nyuclear mphamvu valavu ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha sing'anga kufala zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito popanga magetsi a nyukiliya, ndipo ndi gawo lofunika ndi lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yotetezeka ya nyukiliya magetsi.
M'makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, mavavu amphamvu a nyukiliya, monga gawo lofunikira, ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
(1) Mapangidwe, kukula kwa kulumikizana, kuthamanga ndi kutentha, kapangidwe, kupanga ndi kuyesa koyeserera kudzagwirizana ndi mapangidwe ndi miyezo yamakampani amagetsi a nyukiliya;
(2) Kupanikizika kogwira ntchito kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira zamagulu osiyanasiyana amagetsi a nyukiliya;
(3) Chogulitsacho chizikhala ndi chisindikizo chabwino kwambiri, kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukanda komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
Hikelok wakhala akudzipereka kupereka mavavu a zida zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zopangira zida za nyukiliya kwa zaka zambiri. Takhala nawo motsatizana mu ntchito zogulitsira zaDaya Bay fakitale ya nyukiliya, Guangxi Fangchenggang mphamvu ya nyukiliya, 404 chomera cha China National Nuclear Industry CorporationndiNyukiliya Power Research Institute. Tili okhwima zinthu kusankha ndi kuyezetsa, mkulu muyezo processing luso, okhwima kupanga kulamulira ndondomeko, kupanga akatswiri ndi kuyendera ogwira ntchito, ndi kulamulira okhwima maulalo onse. Zogulitsazo zathandizira makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya ndikuchita bwino kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika.
4. Kugula zida za nyukiliya
Zogulitsa za Hikelok zidapangidwa ndikupangidwa motsatira miyezo yamakampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mavavu a zida, zopangira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimafunikira makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya m'mbali zonse.
Kuyika kwa mapaipi awiri a ferrule chubu: zapitaMayesero oyesera 12 kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa vibration ndi kuyesa kwa umboni wa pneumatic, ndipo amachiritsidwa ndi teknoloji yapamwamba yotsika kwambiri ya carburizing, yomwe imapereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha ntchito yeniyeni ya ferrule; Mtedza wa ferrule umakonzedwa ndi plating ya siliva, yomwe imapewa zochitika zoluma panthawi yoika; Ulusi umatenga njira yogudubuza kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yomaliza pamwamba ndikutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa zolumikizira. Zigawozo zimakhala ndi kusindikiza kodalirika, anti leakage, kukana kuvala, kuyika kosavuta, ndipo zimatha kupatulidwa ndikuphwanyidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Kukonzekera kwa weld: Kuthamanga kwakukulu kungakhale 12600psi, kukana kutentha kwakukulu kumatha kufika 538 ℃, ndipo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa kutu. ndi chubu kwa kuwotcherera. kugwirizana kuwotcherera akhoza kugawidwa mu dongosolo metric ndi fractional dongosolo. Mawonekedwe ophatikizidwa amaphatikiza mgwirizano, chigongono, tee ndi mtanda, zomwe zimatha kutengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana oyika.
Machubu: Pambuyo popukuta makina, pickling ndi njira zina, kunja kwa chubu kumakhala kowala ndipo mkati mwake ndi woyera. Kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumatha kufika 12000psi, kuuma sikudutsa 90HRB, kugwirizana ndi ferrule ndi kosalala, ndipo kusindikiza ndi odalirika, omwe amatha kuteteza kutayikira panthawi yokakamiza. Kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa ma metric ndi kagawo kakang'ono kulipo, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kusinthidwa makonda.
Valve ya singano: Zida za thupi la singano ya singano ndi ASTM A182 muyezo. Njira yopangirayi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo ophatikizika komanso kukana kolimba, komwe kungapereke chisindikizo chodalirika chobwerezabwereza. Pakatikati pa valve conical imatha kusintha mosalekeza komanso pang'ono kusintha kwapakati. Mutu wa valavu ndi mpando wa valve ndi chisindikizo chowonjezera kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wautumiki wa valve.Mapangidwe osakanikirana amakwaniritsa zofunikira zoikamo mu malo opapatiza, ndi disassembly yabwino ndi kukonza ndi moyo wautali wautumiki.
Valve ya mpira:thupi la valavu lili ndi chidutswa chimodzi, zidutswa ziwiri, zofunikira ndi zina. Pamwamba pake amapangidwa ndi magulu angapo a akasupe agulugufe, omwe amatha kukana kugwedezeka kwamphamvu. Perekani mpando wa valve yosindikizira zitsulo, torque yaing'ono yotsegula ndi kutseka, mapangidwe apadera onyamula, umboni wotuluka, kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri, moyo wautali wautumiki, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yothamanga ingasankhidwe.
Proportional relief valve: monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, valavu yothandizira mofanana ndi chipangizo chotetezera makina, chomwe chimatha kuyambitsa kuthamanga kotsegulira. Zimagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri ndipo sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwa msana. Pamene kuthamanga kwa dongosolo kumakwera, valavu imatsegula pang'onopang'ono kuti itulutse mphamvu ya dongosolo. Pamene kupanikizika kwa dongosolo kumatsika pansi pa kupanikizika kokhazikitsidwa, valavu imabwereranso mwamsanga, kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kamvekedwe kakang'ono ndi kukonza bwino.
Valve yosindikizidwa ndi Bellows: valavu yotsekedwa ndi mvuvu imakhala ndi mavuvu achitsulo opangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba kuti zisawonongeke komanso chitsimikizo chodalirika chogwirira ntchito pamalopo. Mutu wa valavu umatenga mapangidwe osazungulira, ndipo chisindikizo cha extrusion chimatha kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa valve. Valavu iliyonse imadutsa mayeso a helium, ndi kusindikiza kodalirika, kupewa kutayikira komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta.
Hikelok ili ndi zinthu zambiri komanso mitundu yonse. Ikhozanso kusinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala. Pambuyo pake, mainjiniya adzawongolera kukhazikitsa munjira yonseyo, ndipo ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pake idzayankha munthawi yake. Zogulitsa zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumakampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya ndizolandiridwa kuti mukambirane!
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zoyitanitsa, chonde onani zomwe zasankhidwamabukupaWebusaiti yovomerezeka ya Hikelok. Ngati muli ndi mafunso osankhidwa, lemberani akatswiri ogulitsa malonda a Hikelok maola 24 pa intaneti.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-25-2022